运载火箭推进剂复杂流动传热问题数值模拟中的模型简化方法

在运载火箭改进优化或新型运载火箭设计过程中,会遇到各种复杂的流动与传热问题。按照真实产品和物理过程直接建立的数值计算模型过于复杂,不同尺度的结构、流动与传热、长时间的飞行过程相互耦合,出现计算时间太长(数年)、收敛困难、程序调试困难等问题。针对初始条件复杂、飞行过程复杂、边界条件复杂3类具体问题,总结了3种相应的模型简化方法,分别是工程经验法、极限参数法、低维近似法,为推进剂复杂流动与传热的数值模拟提供参考。     

多自由度振动环境下惯组非线性传递特性研究

惯组作为飞行器姿控系统的传感器,其局部安装结构的传递特性的测量精度直接关系到导航精度。目前,惯组普遍使用减振器进行隔振,而减振器都呈现出较强的非线性特征。为了考察惯组在不同工况下的传递特性,将惯组简化为六自由度Duffing模型,推导了基础激励下系统的运动微分方程,并用龙格-库塔法对方程进行求解,分析了自由衰减振动和强迫振动下不同工况的系统传递特性。结果表明,多自由度激励比单自由度激励工况得到的系统传递特性的频率和幅值都低。考虑到惯组真实的使用环境,应当在多自由度振动环境下进行传递特性试验。     

航天器近距离交会的固定时间终端滑模控制

针对航天器近距离交会段的位置姿态耦合控制问题，假设航天器受外界干扰且目标航天器存在空间自由翻滚情形时，基于固定时间概念设计了一种六自由度位姿终端滑模自适应控制器，通过引入显含正弦函数的切换项来避免奇异问题。此外所设计的控制器含双幂次项，不仅能全局提高姿态和位置的跟踪速度及精度，还能估计系统稳定所需的时间上界，且该上界与状态初始值无关。基于Lyapunov方法分析了闭环系统的固定时间稳定性。仿真结果表明，该控制器能快速实现对航天器近距离交会时相对位置和姿态的控制，具有较高的精度和良好的干扰抑制能力。     

点阵结构空气舵及内部流体热流固耦合研究

开展了钛合金TC4材料激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)工艺研究,在此基础上设计了多孔轻质空气舵模型,并基于有限差分法(FDM),采用三维流固耦合共轭传热数值计算方法,利用流体体积法(VOF)追踪流体自由液面,研究了典型的点阵夹层结构的空气舵内部冷却液动态换热过程的相互影响过程,考虑了冷却液与钛合金材料蒙皮间的耦合传热及湍流换热。结果表明,空气舵的内部流体压强随速度的增加而增加,从而导致流体出口的速度增加。当压强增加到一定程度时,流体的出口以水柱形式喷出。虽然较大的流体速度可以带走较多的热量,但是影响远小于对压强的影响。综合考虑空气舵的服役要求,获得了合适的冷却水入口速度。     

热防护系统损伤容限分析

建立了含初始矩形损伤的热防护系统(Thermal protection system,TPS)气动热分析的CFD数值模型,分析结果表明损伤区域侧壁出现了很高的热流密度峰值,并且迎风面侧壁峰值高于背风面,而损伤区域底部热流密度却很低。利用分析获得的热流密度建立了含损伤和无损伤TPS的有限元传热分析模型。分析结果表明:损伤的存在导致防热瓦最高温度急剧上升,超过其材料能承受的极限温度(1 500℃),防热瓦首先失效,而损伤对机体最高温度影响较小。最后进行了TPS损伤容限分析,在防热瓦极限温度约束下,外部热流密度最大值从100kW/m2增加到140kW/m2,矩形损伤宽度最大容许值从22.7mm减小到12.6mm,而弧形损伤宽度最大容许值从34.6mm减小到25.1mm,即随着外部热流密度最大值增加,损伤宽度的最大容许值降低,并且相同外部热流密度水平下弧形损伤宽度的最大容许值大于矩形损伤。     

Modeling the effects of green alternative on heat island mitigation of a meso level town,West Bengal,India

Urban heat island (UHI) is emerged as a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects the outdoor thermal comfort. Hence urban microclimatic studies using numeric simulation software to find out adaption strategies are attracting the great attention of researchers and policymaker. Number of scientists carried out their research on this topic using different tools and technique whereas ENVI-met model is the most widely used simulation tools. The present study intended to examine the implication of green infrastructure of the town on enhanced microclimatic condition and to evaluate the best suitable mitigation strategy modelling cool city with ENVI-met software (V4). Five greening condition such as existing UHI condition (C1), 100% greening of roof (C2), 100% greening of roof and walls (C3), 50% greening of roof and walls (C4) and: Plantation at suitable area with 50% greening of roof and walls (C5) have been taken into consideration for the microclimate simulation for all three selected sites. Among these five conditions, C3 for the open mid-rise and compact low-rise, C5 for the open low-rise are identified as one of the most suitable strategies which can reduce the air temperature of peak hours by 2.6 °C, 1.33 °C and 1.87 °C respectively. These models are validated by simple linear regression between simulated and existing air temperature in case of existing UHI condition (C1) and in all the cases coefficient of determination value is high such as for open mid-rise, compact low-rise and open low-rise, it is 0.92, 0.92 and 0.75 respectively. Therefore it can be concluded that the application of those strategies can improve the urban thermal environment as well as the outdoor thermal comfort of English bazaar Town and its surroundings.     

一种基于虚拟页地址映射的NAND Flash管理算法

本文提出了一种基于虚拟页地址映射的NAND Flash管理算法.该算法通过定义坏块表、对应表等结构，以及设计的坏块替换策略和虚拟页地址到实际物理页地址的转换算法，实现上层软件采用虚拟地址对NAND Flash的无坏块连续页地址访问.该算法是一种高效的地址映射算法，能高效地对数据进行索引，占用SRAM空间较少，使系统达到高性能，并使得闪存使用的更加稳定持久.     

Real-time clock comparison and monitoring with multi-GNSS precise point positioning: GPS,GLONASS and Galileo

The precise point positioning (PPP) technique is widely used in time and frequency applications. Because of the real-time service (RTS) project of the International GNSS Service, we can use the PPP technique for real-time clock comparison and monitoring. As a participant in the RTS, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) implements the PPPWIZARD (Precise Point Positioning with Integer and Zero-difference Ambiguity Resolution Demonstrator) project to validate carrier phase ambiguity resolution. Unlike the Integer-PPP (IPPP) of the CNES, fixing ambiguities in the post-processing mode, the PPPWIZARD operates in the real-time mode, which is also called real-time IPPP (RT-IPPP). This paper focuses on applying the RT-IPPP for real-time clock comparison and monitoring. We review the principle of real-time clock comparison and monitoring, and introduce the methodology of the RT-IPPP technique. The observations of GPS, GLONASS and Galileo were processed for the experiments. Five processing modes were provided in the experiment to analyze the benefits of ambiguity resolution and multi-GNSS. In the clock comparison experiment, the average reduction ratios of standard deviations with respect to the G PPP mode range from 9.7% to 35.0%. In the clock monitoring experiment, G PPP mode can detect clock jumps whose magnitudes are larger than 0.9 ns. The RT-IPPP technique with GRE PPP AR (G) mode allows for the detection of any clock jumps larger than 0.6 ns. For frequency monitoring, G PPP mode allows detection of frequency changes larger than 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴. When the RT-IPPP technique is applied, monitoring with GRE PPP AR (G) mode can detect frequency changes larger than 6.1 × 10⁻¹⁵.     

基于位移和力值组合的静重式力标准机砝码加卸载控制方法研究

介绍了一种基于位移和力值组合的静重式力标准机砝码加卸载的控制方法，通过监测砝码的移动量和参考力传感器叠加系统的力值量，实时调整加卸载机构的加卸载速度，以实现对被检力传感器的平滑加卸载的目的。该方法有效解决了吊挂在加载过程中产生较大摆动，影响力标准机复现力值准确度的问题，同时也消除了力值过冲现象，避免了因逆程效应而导致的力传感器输出偏差。